ताज़ा पॉलिटिक्स राष्ट्रीय स्पेशल

1950 से2023 तक का 74वां गणतंत्र दिवस का इतिहास

नई दिल्ली,  26 जनवरी

26 जनवरी को भारत अपना 74वां गणतंत्र दिवस मना रहा है। इस साल मिस्त्र के राष्ट्रपति अब्लेद फतह अली सीसी गणतं़त्र समारोह में बतौर अतिथि रहे। भारतीय इतिहास में 26 नवंबर 1949 और 26 जनवरी 1950 दोनों ही दिन को बेहद महत्वपूर्ण माना गया है। दोनों दिनों को संविधान से जोडा गया है। आपकोे बता दें कि 26 नवबंर 1949 वहीं दिन था जिस दिन भारत का संविधान बनकर तैयार हुआ था और सही इसके दो महीने बाद यानी 26 जनवरी 1950 को भारत का संविधान लागू किया गया था। पूरे भारत में इस दिन को संविधान और कानून दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाता है। गणतंत्र दिवस के मौके पर सभी सरकारी कार्यालयों, स्कूलों व कालेजों में विभिन्न तरह के सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रमों प्रस्तुत किए जाते है और झंडा फहराया जाता है।
भारतीय संविधान से जुड़ी खास जानकारी
डाॅ भीमराव अबंेडकर को संविधान निर्माता कहा जाता है। यह संविधान 2 साल 11 महीने 18 दिन में बनकर तैयार हुआ था। भारत का संविधान सबसे लंबा लिखित संविधान है। इतना ही नहीं, यह कई देशों के संविधान की विशेषताओं को मिलाकर तैयार किया गया है। इसमें ज्यादातर प्रावधान अन्य देशों से शामिल किए गए हैं। इसमें कुछ तथ्य यूनाइटेड किंगडम, अमेरिका, जर्मनी, आरलैंड, आस्ट्रेलिया, कनाडा और जापान से लिए गए है। संविधान में नागरिक के मौलिक अधिकारों, कर्तव्यों, सरकार की भूमिका, प्रधानमंत्री, राष्ट्रपति, राज्यपाल की शक्तियों और कार्यों का वर्णन किया गया है। इसके अलावा इसमें विधानपालिका, कार्यपालिका और न्यायपालिका की क्या भूमिका होती है देश चलाने में कैसे सहयोगी है , अगर किसी व्यक्ति का शोषण हो रहा है या उसकी सहायता के बारे में विस्तृत जानकारी इसमे दी गई है।
सामान्य तौर पर भारतीय संविधान को 395 अनुच्छेदों को 22 भागों में व 8 अनुसूची में बांटा गया था। लेकिन संविधान में अनुच्छेद संशोधन का प्रावधान होने के कारण अब इसमें 400 अनुच्छेद, 25 भाग में व 12 अनुसूचियां बना दी गई है।
राष्ट्रपति फहराते है तिरंगा
गणतंत्र दिवस के मौके पर राजपथ पर भव्य समारोह का आयोजन होता है। देश का सर्वोच्च नागरिक राष्ट्रपति तिंरगा फहराते है और उन्हें 21 तोपों की सलामी दी जाती है। अशोेक व कीर्ति चक्र जैसे महत्वपूर्ण सम्मान शूरवीरों को दिए जाते है। राजपथ से अलग अलग राज्यों की संस्कृतिक की झांकिया भारत की विविधता में एकता की झलक देखने को मिलती है। इसके साथ ही भारत की तीनो सेना जल, थल व वायु की टुकडी परेड अपनी ताकत परचम दिखाती है। 29 जनवरी को बीटिंग रिट्रिट के साथ गणतंत्र दिवस का समापन हो जाता है।
प्रथम राष्ट्रपति से लेकर वर्तमान तक
गौरतलब है कि 26 जनवरी 1950 को जैसे ही भारत का संविधान लागू हुआ था उसके कुछ घंटे पश्चात ही संविधान समिति के सदस्य डाॅ राजेन्द्र प्रसाद ने प्रथम राष्ट्रपति के रूप में शपथ ग्रहण की थी। राष्ट्रपति का कार्यकाल पांच साल का होता है। 2023 यानी भारत का 74वां गणतंत्र दिवस इस बार कई तरह से अलग मायने रखता है इसके पीछे वजह है गणतंत्र दिवस की परेड कर्तव्य पथ से देश भर के अनेक राज्यों से विभिन्न तरह की झाकियां निकाली गई । परेड का शानदार नजारा आकषर्ण का केन्द्र रहा। इस वर्ष की परेड में 17 राज्यों की,  6 मंत्रालय, और 4 झाकियां रक्षा मंत्रालय की कर्तव्य पथ पर निकाली गई। इस अवसर पर भारत ने अपनी सैन्य क्षमता का भी प्रदर्शन किया। बीएसएफ के जवानों द्वारा शाही ऊंटों   सवारी , ब्रह्म्होस मिसाइल, सारथ कैरियर, के नाइन जैसे घातक हथियार समारोह के दौरान देखे गए। इसके साथ भारत का अर्जुन एमके टैंक से गतिमान रहा। कई चीजे इस बार परेड में पहली बार दिखाई दी जैसे से अनुसूचित पिछड़ी जाति से पहली राष्ट्रपति श्रीमति द्रौपदी मुर्म ने तोपों की सलामी ली। अग्निवीर परेड में पहली बार शामिल हुए।
संविधान लागू होने के बाद जारी है संघर्ष
वैसे तो गणतंत्र दिवस हमारी तरक्की, प्रगति, और उभरती हुई चुनौतियों के जायजा लेने का दिन है। संविधान लागू के बाद 74 वर्षों की दूरी तय हमने कर ली है, लेकिन संघर्ष के दिन अभी भी समाप्त नहीं हुए है। आजादी मिलने और संविधान लागू होने के बाद भी आज भी भारत में भ्रष्टाचार, हिंसा, नक्सलवाद, आतंकवाद, बेरोजगारी, अशिक्षा जैसे समस्याओं से देश लड़ रहा है। हम सभी इस मिलकर लडे और साथ चले तो शायद कुछ समस्याओं का हल निकाला जा सकता है। उम्मीद करते है आगे युवा शक्ति की भी सोच बदलेगी और जो देश को एक स्वच्छ राष्ट्र की ओर लेकर जाएगी।

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